El Síndrome de Down es una condición genética. Su día se conmemora a nivel internacional por iniciativa de las Naciones Unidas significando la fecha para simbolizar la trisomía del par 21. Conocé cómo favorecer la inclusión con simples acciones.
El Síndrome de Down no es una enfermedad, es una condición genética que ocurre cuando aparece una alteración o material genético extra en el cromosoma 2.
La fecha de conmemoración no se debe ni por el médico inglés John Langdon Haydon Down, que en 1866 describió clínicamente el cuadro ni tampoco por Jerome Lejeune, genetista francés, que en 1958 descubre la etiología cromosómica.
La fecha fue establecida por la ONU ya que el número es significativo a la trisomía 21: “3” cromosomas en el par “21” (mes 3, día 21) para simbolizar la trisomía del par 21, alteración cromosómica que da origen al síndrome.
La celebración fue dispuesta con la finalidad de generar conciencia en la sociedad acerca de esta condición y enfatizar la inclusión social.
Otro punto valioso que destacan desde la Asociación de Down Mendoza es que no existen grados en ésta condición, sino que existen tipos de Síndrome de Down: Las células humanas generalmente contienen 23 pares de cromosomas. Un cromosoma de cada par proviene de tu padre, el otro de tu madre.
El síndrome de Down se genera cuando se produce una división celular anormal.
Estas anomalías en la división celular provocan una copia adicional del cromosoma 21. Este material genético adicional es responsable de los rasgos característicos y de los problemas de desarrollo del Síndrome de Down.
El uso de las medias disparejas el 21 de marzo
Hace tiempo se difundió una representación visual de un Cariotipo, o mapa de cromosomas, donde cada uno parece tener la forma de una media, de allí parte la campaña de usar medias disparejas como símbolo del Síndrome de Down.
Es una forma divertida con la que podemos invitar a escuelas, empresas, entidades gubernamentales y sociedad en general a hablar sobre el valor de las diferencias, la empatía, plantearnos formas de diseño universal, la riqueza que es para todos la
inclusión y la convivencia.
«Síndrome de Down no es lo que soy; es lo que tengo»
Ciertamente las palabras construyen, y para nosotros es importante educar para que todos podamos expresarnos correctamente. Cuando no sepas cómo referirte a una persona con discapacidad siempre debés tener en cuenta ante todo a la persona, ya que nadie es su diagnóstico.
Ejemplos de modos incorrectos (El chico Down, mi hija es Down, mogólico, especial, angelito) Ejemplo de modo CORRECTO (El chico tiene Síndrome de down, mi hija tiene síndrome de down, es una persona con síndrome de down, o simplemente llamar por su nombre).
Te puede interesar: 21 de marzo: ADOM celebra el Día del Síndrome de Down
¿Cómo lograr la inclusión?
Desde ADOM proponen un listado de acciones para la inclusión:
- YO ME INCLUYO ELIMINANDO MIS PROPIAS BARRERAS
- YO ME INCLUYO RESPETANDO A TODAS LAS PERSONAS
- YO ME INCLUYO HABLANDO Y EDUCANDO SOBRE DISCAPACIDAD
- YO ME INCLUYO RESPETANDO LA DIVERSIDADYO ME INCLUYO GARANTIZANDO LA IGUALDAD DE OPORTUNIDADES
- YO ME INCLUYO RESPETANDO LOS TIEMPOS DE LOS DEMÁS
- YO ME INCLUYO LA SOCIEDAD DEBE INCLUIRSE HACIA LA DISCAPACIDAD Y NO AL REVÉS
- YO ME INCLUYO PREGUNTANDO SIN TEMOR A OFENDER PARA APRENDER, CUANDO NO
ENTIENDO LO QUE VEO - YO ME INCLUYO HACIENDO CUMPLIR LOS DERECHOS DE TODOS
- YO ME INCLUYO DIRIGIÉNDOME A LA PERSONA CON DISCAPACIDAD CUANDO HABLO, SI
TENGO UNA PREGUNTA PARA ÉL Y NO A SU ACOMPAÑANTE - YO ME INCLUYO BUSCANDO INFORMACIÓN PARA EDUCARME
- YO ME INCLUYO PREOCUPANDOME POR OBSERVAR QUÉ NECESIDADES DE APRENDIZAJE NECESITA MI ALUMNO Y RECURRIR AL EQUIPO TERAPÉUTICO Y DE APOYO A LA IN CLUSIÓN ESCOLAR PARA TENER LAS HERRAMIENTAS ADECUADAS.
- YO ME INCLUYO BRINDANDO OPORTUNIDADES LABORALES
- YO ME INCLUYO CAMBIANDO MI MIRADA
- YO ME INCLUYO ACERCÁNDOME, CONECTANDO
- YO ME INCLUYO HABLANDO CON MIS HIJOS SOBRE EL VALOR DE LA DIVERSIDAD Y EL
RESPETO HACIA TODOS - YO ME INCLUYO ESCUCHANDO CON PACIENCIA
- YO ME INCLUYO APRENDIENDO A EXPRESARME CORRECTAMENTE
- YO ME INCLUYO JUGANDO CON TODOS
- YO ME INCLUYO APRENDIENDO A DAR UN DIAGNÓSTICO HUMANIZADO A PAPÁS QUE
RECIÉN COMIENZAN ESTE CAMINO. - YO ME INCLUYO ACEPTANDO LA DIVERSIDAD COMO ALGO NORMAL
- YO ME INCLUYO BRINDANDO ESPACIOS TENIENDO EN CUENTA LA ACCESIBILIDAD
UNIVERSAL - YO ME INCLUYO APOYANDO LAS CAUSAS QUE HACEN DE ESTE MUNDO UN LUGAR MÁS
EQUITATIVO.
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